Yugoslavia joins the Axis Powers
On this day Yugoslavia despite an early declaration of neutrality signs the Tripartite Pact forming an alliance with Axis powers Germany Italy and Japan.A unified nation of Yugoslavia an uneasy federation of Serbs Croats and Slovenes was a response to the collapse of the Ottoman and Hapsburg empires at the close of World War I both of which had previously contained parts of what became Yugoslavia.A constitutional monarchy Yugoslavia built friendships with France and Czechoslovakia during the years between the world wars.With the outbreak of World War II and the Anschluss (union) between Austria and Germany pressure was placed on Yugoslavia to more closely ally itself Germany despite Yugoslavias declared neutrality.
But fear of an invasion like that suffered by France pushed Yugoslavia into signing a Friendship Treatysomething short of a formal political allianceon December 11 1940.With the war spreading to the Balkans after the invasion of Greece by Italy it was important to Hitler that the Axis powers have an ally in the region that would act as a bulwark against Allied encroachment on Axis territory.Meeting on February 14 1941 Adolf Hitler proved unable to persuade Yugoslav Prime Minister Dragisa Cvetkovic to formally join the Axis.The next day British Prime Minister Winston Churchill contacted the Yugoslav regent Prince Paul in an effort to encourage him to remain firm in resisting further German blandishments.
It was essential to the Allies that Yugoslavia cooperate with Anglo-Greek forces in fending off an Axis conquest of Greece.But with King Boris of Bulgaria caving into Germany Prince Paul felt the heat of the Nazis and on March 20 he asked the Yugoslav Cabinet for their cooperation in allowing the Germans access to Greece through Yugoslavia.The Cabinet balked and four ministers resigned in protest at the suggestion.This gesture failed to prevent Prime Minister Cvetkovic from finally signing the Tripartite Pact in Vienna on March 25 1941.Within two days the Cvetkovic government was overthrown by a unified front of peasants the church unions and the militaryan angry response to the alliance with Germany.
Prince Paul was thrown from his throne in favor of his son King Peter only 17 years old.The new government led by Air Force Gen.Dusan Simovic immediately renounced the Tripartite Pact.
In less than two weeks Germany invaded the nation and occupied it by force.
