Spies swapped
On February 10 1962 American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five years earlier.The two men were brought to separate sides of the Glienicker Bridge which connects East and West Berlin across Lake Wannsee.As the spies waited negotiators talked in the center of the bridge where a white line divided East from West.
Finally Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment852 a.m.Berlin time.Just before their transfer Frederic Pryoran American student held by East German authorities since August 1961was released to American authorities at another border checkpoint.In 1957 Reino Hayhanen a lieutenant colonel in the KGB walked into the American embassy in Paris and announced his intention to defect to the West.
Hayhanen had proved a poor spy during his five years in the United States and was being recalled to the USSR where he feared he would be disciplined.In exchange for asylum he promised CIA agents he could help expose a major Soviet spy network in the United States and identify its director.The CIA turned Hayhanen over to the FBI to investigate the claims.During the Cold War Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other a precaution in the event that one was caught or like Hayhanen defected.
Thus Hayhanen initially provided the FBI with little useful information.He did however remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior whom he knew as Mark.The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R.
Goldfus an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights.Emil Goldfus was Rudolf Ivanovich Abel a brilliant Soviet spy who was fluent in at least five languages and an expert at the technical requirements of espionage.After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada.In 1948 he slipped across the Canadian border into the United States where he set about reorganizing the Soviet spy network.After learning of Hayhanens defection Abel fled to Florida where he remained underground until June when he felt it was safe to return to New York.
On June 21 1957 he was arrested in Manhattans Latham Hotel.In his studio FBI investigators found a hollow pencil used for concealing messages a shaving brush containing microfilm a code book and radio transmitting equipment.He was tried in a federal court in Brooklyn and in October was found guilty on three counts of espionage and sentenced to 30 years imprisonment.
He was sent to the federal penitentiary in Atlanta Georgia.Less than three years later on May 1 1960 Francis Gary Powers took off from Peshawar Pakistan at the controls of an ultra-sophisticated Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft.Powers a CIA-employed pilot was to fly over some 2000 miles of Soviet territory to Bodo military airfield in Norway collecting intelligence information en route.Roughly halfway through his journey he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains.
Forced to bail out at 15000 feet he survived the parachute jump but was promptly arrested by Soviet authorities.On May 5 Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA.On May 7 the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission.On May 16 leaders of the United States the USSR Britain and France met in Paris for a long-awaited summit meeting.The four powers were to discuss tensions in the two Germanys and negotiate new disarmament treaties.
However at the first session the summit collapsed after President Dwight D.Eisenhower refused to apologize to Khrushchev for the U-2 incident.Khrushchev also canceled an invitation for Eisenhower to visit the USSR.In August Powers pleaded guilty to espionage charges in Moscow and was sentenced to 10 years imprisonmentthree in prison and seven in a prison colony.At the end of his 1957 trial Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer James Donovan convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S.
agent.In his five years in prison Abel kept his silence but the latter prophecy came true in 1962 when he was exchanged for Powers in Berlin.Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap.Upon returning to the United States Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident.
In 1970 he published a book Operation Overflight about the incident and in 1977 was killed in the crash of a helicopter that he flew as a reporter for a Los Angeles television station.Abel returned to Moscow where he was forced into retirement by the KGB who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S.authorities had convinced him to become a double agent.He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs.
He died in 1971.
