Britain agrees to return Hong Kong to China
In the Hall of the People in Beijing British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chinese Premier Zhao Ziyang sign an agreement committing Britain to return Hong Kong to China in 1997 in return for terms guaranteeing a 50-year extension of its capitalist system.Hong Konga small peninsula and group of islands jutting out from Chinas Kwangtung provincewas leased by China to Great Britain in 1898 for 99 years.In 1839 in the First Opium War Britain invaded China to crush opposition to its interference in the countrys economic social and political affairs.One of Britains first acts of war was to occupy Hong Kong a sparsely inhabited island off the coast of southeast China.
In 1841 China ceded the island to the British with the signing of the Convention of Chuenpi and in 1842 the Treaty of Nanking was signed formally ending the First Opium War.At the end of the Second Opium War (1856-1860) China was forced to cede the Kowloon Peninsula adjacent to Hong Kong Island along with other area islands.Britains new colony flourished as an East-West trading center and as the commercial gateway and distribution center for southern China.
On July 1 1898 Britain was granted an additional 99 years of rule over the Hong Kong colony under the Second Convention of Peking.Hong Kong was occupied by the Japanese from 1941 to 1944 during World War II but remained in British hands throughout the various Chinese political upheavals of the 20th century.On December 19 1984 after years of negotiations British and Chinese leaders signed a formal pact approving the 1997 turnover of the colony in exchange for the formulation of a one country two systems policy by Chinas communist government.
Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher called the agreement a landmark in the life of the territory in the course of Anglo-Chinese relations and in the history of international diplomacy.Hu Yaobang the Chinese Communist Partys secretary-general called the signing a red-letter day an occasion of great joy for Chinas one billion people.At midnight on July 1 1997 Hong Kong was peaceably handed over to China in a ceremony attended by numerous international dignitaries including British Prime Minister Tony Blair Prince Charles Chinese President Jiang Zemin and U.S.Secretary of State Madeleine Albright.
A few thousand citizens of Hong Kong protested the turnover which was otherwise celebratory and peaceful.The chief executive of the new Hong Kong government Tung Chee Hwa did enact a policy based upon the concept of one country two systems thus preserving Hong Kongs role as a principal capitalist center in Asia.
